[lttng-dev] [PATCH babeltrace 1/4] Fix: bitfield: shift undefined/implementation defined behaviors (v6)

Mathieu Desnoyers mathieu.desnoyers at efficios.com
Tue May 14 16:30:53 EDT 2019


bitfield.h uses the left shift operator with a left operand which
may be negative. The C99 standard states that shifting a negative
value is undefined.

When building with -Wshift-negative-value, we get this gcc warning:

In file included from /home/smarchi/src/babeltrace/include/babeltrace/ctfser-internal.h:44:0,
                 from /home/smarchi/src/babeltrace/ctfser/ctfser.c:42:
/home/smarchi/src/babeltrace/include/babeltrace/ctfser-internal.h: In function ‘bt_ctfser_write_unsigned_int’:
/home/smarchi/src/babeltrace/include/babeltrace/bitfield-internal.h:116:24: error: left shift of negative value [-Werror=shift-negative-value]
   mask = ~((~(type) 0) << (__start % ts));  \
                        ^
/home/smarchi/src/babeltrace/include/babeltrace/bitfield-internal.h:222:2: note: in expansion of macro ‘_bt_bitfield_write_le’
  _bt_bitfield_write_le(ptr, type, _start, _length, _v)
  ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/home/smarchi/src/babeltrace/include/babeltrace/ctfser-internal.h:418:3: note: in expansion of macro ‘bt_bitfield_write_le’
   bt_bitfield_write_le(mmap_align_addr(ctfser->base_mma) +
   ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

This boils down to the fact that the expression ~((uint8_t)0) has type
"signed int", which is used as an operand of the left shift.  This is due
to the integer promotion rules of C99 (6.3.3.1):

    If an int can represent all values of the original type, the value is
    converted to an int; otherwise, it is converted to an unsigned int.
    These are called the integer promotions. All other types are unchanged
    by the integer promotions.

We also need to cast the result explicitly into the left hand
side type to deal with:

warning: large integer implicitly truncated to unsigned type [-Woverflow]

The C99 standard states that a right shift has implementation-defined
behavior when shifting a signed negative value. Add a preprocessor check
that the compiler provides the expected behavior, else provide an
alternative implementation which guarantees the intended behavior.

A preprocessor check is also added to ensure that the compiler
representation for signed values is two's complement, which is expected
by this header.

Document that this header strictly respects the C99 standard, with
the exception of its use of __typeof__.

Adapt use of _bt_piecewise_lshift in plugins/text/pretty/print.c
to the new API.

Signed-off-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers at efficios.com>
Acked-by: Simon Marchi <simon.marchi at efficios.com>
---
Changes since v1:
- Generate compile-time error if the type argument passed to
  _bt_unsigned_cast() is larger than sizeof(uint64_t), this
  allows removing _bt_check_max_64bit,
- Introduce _br_fill_mask, which replaces _bt_bitwise_not,
- Clarify _bt_unsigned_cast comment,
- Expand explanation of the issue within the patch commit message.

Changes since v2:
- Fix unwanted sign extension when generating masks,
- Introduce macro helpers to clarify code:
  - _bt_cast_value_to_unsigned()
  - _bt_cast_value_to_unsigned_type(),
  - _bt_make_mask_complement(),
  - _bt_make_mask().

Changes since v3:
- Fix additional left shift undefined behavior. Identified with
  -fsanitize=undefined.
- Create fallback for right shift implementation-defined behavior
  if the behavior is found not to be as intended. Detect the behavior
  with a preprocessor check.
- Ensure that the compiler represents signed types with two's complement
  with a preprocessor check.
- Add _bt_rshift() and _bt_lshift() shift helpers to take care of
  C99's undefined behaviors related to shifting signed types.
- Remove statement-expressions to allow building with -std=c99.
- Use __typeof__ instead of typeof to allow building with -std=c99.
  Strictly speaking, the use of __typeof__ is specific to the compiler.
  Therefore, porting to a strict ansi C compiler would require removing
  those __typeof__.
- Remove use of gnu extension: replace (a ? : b) expressions by (a ? a :
  b) to please compiling with -std=c99 -Wpedantic.

Changes since v4:
- Document strict C89 compliance, except for use of __typeof__
  compiler-specific extension.
- Adapt use of _bt_piecewise_lshift in plugins/text/pretty/print.c
  to the new API.

Changes since v5:
- Bump standard compliance from C89 to C99, because we use
  C99 types.h.
---
 include/babeltrace/bitfield-internal.h | 298 +++++++++++++++++++++------------
 plugins/text/pretty/print.c            |   4 +-
 2 files changed, 195 insertions(+), 107 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/babeltrace/bitfield-internal.h b/include/babeltrace/bitfield-internal.h
index c5d5eccd..5d960142 100644
--- a/include/babeltrace/bitfield-internal.h
+++ b/include/babeltrace/bitfield-internal.h
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 #define _BABELTRACE_BITFIELD_H
 
 /*
- * Copyright 2010 - Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers at efficios.com>
+ * Copyright 2010-2019 - Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers at efficios.com>
  *
  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -27,49 +27,145 @@
 #include <babeltrace/compat/limits-internal.h>	/* C99 5.2.4.2 Numerical limits */
 #include <babeltrace/endian-internal.h>	/* Non-standard BIG_ENDIAN, LITTLE_ENDIAN, BYTE_ORDER */
 
-/* We can't shift a int from 32 bit, >> 32 and << 32 on int is undefined */
-#define _bt_piecewise_rshift(_v, _shift)				\
-({									\
-	typeof(_v) ___v = (_v);						\
-	typeof(_shift) ___shift = (_shift);				\
-	unsigned long sb = (___shift) / (sizeof(___v) * CHAR_BIT - 1);	\
-	unsigned long final = (___shift) % (sizeof(___v) * CHAR_BIT - 1); \
-									\
-	for (; sb; sb--)						\
-		___v >>= sizeof(___v) * CHAR_BIT - 1;			\
-	___v >>= final;							\
-})
+/*
+ * This header strictly follows the C99 standard, except for use of the
+ * compiler-specific __typeof__.
+ */
 
-#define _bt_piecewise_lshift(_v, _shift)				\
-({									\
-	typeof(_v) ___v = (_v);						\
-	typeof(_shift) ___shift = (_shift);				\
-	unsigned long sb = (___shift) / (sizeof(___v) * CHAR_BIT - 1);	\
-	unsigned long final = (___shift) % (sizeof(___v) * CHAR_BIT - 1); \
-									\
-	for (; sb; sb--)						\
-		___v <<= sizeof(___v) * CHAR_BIT - 1;			\
-	___v <<= final;							\
-})
+/*
+ * This bitfield header requires the compiler representation of signed
+ * integers to be two's complement.
+ */
+#if (-1 != ~0)
+#error "bitfield.h requires the compiler representation of signed integers to be two's complement."
+#endif
 
 #define _bt_is_signed_type(type)	((type) -1 < (type) 0)
 
 /*
- * NOTE: The cast to (uint64_t) below ensures that we're not casting a
- * negative value, which is undefined in C. However, this limits the
- * maximum type size of `type` and `v` to 64-bit. The
- * _bt_check_max_64bit() is used to check that the users of this header
- * do not use types with a size greater than 64-bit.
+ * Produce a build-time error if the condition `cond` is non-zero.
+ * Evaluates as a size_t expression.
+ */
+#define _BT_BUILD_ASSERT(cond)					\
+	sizeof(struct { int f:(2 * !!(cond) - 1); })
+
+/*
+ * Cast value `v` to an unsigned integer of the same size as `v`.
+ */
+#define _bt_cast_value_to_unsigned(v)					\
+	(sizeof(v) == sizeof(uint8_t) ? (uint8_t) (v) :			\
+	sizeof(v) == sizeof(uint16_t) ? (uint16_t) (v) :		\
+	sizeof(v) == sizeof(uint32_t) ? (uint32_t) (v) :		\
+	sizeof(v) == sizeof(uint64_t) ? (uint64_t) (v) :		\
+	_BT_BUILD_ASSERT(sizeof(v) <= sizeof(uint64_t)))
+
+/*
+ * Cast value `v` to an unsigned integer type of the size of type `type`
+ * *without* sign-extension.
+ *
+ * The unsigned cast ensures that we're not shifting a negative value,
+ * which is undefined in C. However, this limits the maximum type size
+ * of `type` to 64-bit. Generate a compile-time error if the size of
+ * `type` is larger than 64-bit.
  */
-#define _bt_unsigned_cast(type, v)					\
-({									\
-	(sizeof(v) < sizeof(type)) ?					\
-		((type) (v)) & ((type) (~(~(uint64_t) 0 << (sizeof(v) * CHAR_BIT)))) : \
-		(type) (v);						\
-})
+#define _bt_cast_value_to_unsigned_type(type, v)			\
+	(sizeof(type) == sizeof(uint8_t) ?				\
+		(uint8_t) _bt_cast_value_to_unsigned(v) :		\
+	sizeof(type) == sizeof(uint16_t) ?				\
+		(uint16_t) _bt_cast_value_to_unsigned(v) :		\
+	sizeof(type) == sizeof(uint32_t) ?				\
+		(uint32_t) _bt_cast_value_to_unsigned(v) :		\
+	sizeof(type) == sizeof(uint64_t) ?				\
+		(uint64_t) _bt_cast_value_to_unsigned(v) :		\
+	_BT_BUILD_ASSERT(sizeof(v) <= sizeof(uint64_t)))
 
-#define _bt_check_max_64bit(type)					\
-	char _max_64bit_assertion[sizeof(type) <= sizeof(uint64_t) ? 1 : -1] __attribute__((unused))
+/*
+ * _bt_fill_mask evaluates to a "type" integer with all bits set.
+ */
+#define _bt_fill_mask(type)	((type) ~(type) 0)
+
+/*
+ * Left shift a value `v` of `shift` bits.
+ *
+ * The type of `v` can be signed or unsigned integer.
+ * The value of `shift` must be less than the size of `v` (in bits),
+ * otherwise the behavior is undefined.
+ * Evaluates to the result of the shift operation.
+ *
+ * According to the C99 standard, left shift of a left hand-side signed
+ * type is undefined if it has a negative value or if the result cannot
+ * be represented in the result type. This bitfield header discards the
+ * bits that are left-shifted beyond the result type representation,
+ * which is the behavior of an unsigned type left shift operation.
+ * Therefore, always perform left shift on an unsigned type.
+ */
+#define _bt_lshift(v, shift)						\
+	((__typeof__(v)) (_bt_cast_value_to_unsigned(v) << (shift)))
+
+/*
+ * Generate a mask of type `type` with the `length` least significant bits
+ * cleared, and the most significant bits set.
+ */
+#define _bt_make_mask_complement(type, length)				\
+	_bt_lshift(_bt_fill_mask(type), length)
+
+/*
+ * Generate a mask of type `type` with the `length` least significant bits
+ * set, and the most significant bits cleared.
+ */
+#define _bt_make_mask(type, length)					\
+	((type) ~_bt_make_mask_complement(type, length))
+
+/*
+ * Right shift a value `v` of `shift` bits.
+ *
+ * The type of `v` can be signed or unsigned integer.
+ * The value of `shift` must be less than the size of `v` (in bits),
+ * otherwise the behavior is undefined.
+ * Evaluates to the result of the shift operation.
+ *
+ * According to the C99 standard, right shift of a left hand-side signed
+ * type which has a negative value is implementation defined. This
+ * bitfield header relies on the right shift implementation carrying the
+ * sign bit. If the compiler implementation has a different behavior,
+ * emulate carrying the sign bit.
+ */
+#if ((-1 >> 1) == -1)
+#define _bt_rshift(v, shift)	((v) >> (shift))
+#else
+#define _bt_rshift(v, shift)						\
+	((__typeof__(v)) ((_bt_cast_value_to_unsigned(v) >> (shift)) |	\
+		((v) < 0 ? _bt_make_mask_complement(__typeof__(v),	\
+			sizeof(v) * CHAR_BIT - (shift)) : 0)))
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Right shift a signed or unsigned integer with `_shift` value being an
+ * arbitrary number of bits. `_v` is modified by this macro.
+ */
+#define _bt_piecewise_rshift(_v, _shift)				\
+do {									\
+	unsigned long _sb = (_shift) / (sizeof(_v) * CHAR_BIT - 1);	\
+	unsigned long _final = (_shift) % (sizeof(_v) * CHAR_BIT - 1);	\
+									\
+	for (; _sb; _sb--)						\
+		(_v) = _bt_rshift(_v, sizeof(_v) * CHAR_BIT - 1);	\
+	(_v) = _bt_rshift(_v, _final);					\
+} while (0)
+
+/*
+ * Left shift a signed or unsigned integer with `_shift` value being an
+ * arbitrary number of bits. `_v` is modified by this macro.
+ */
+#define _bt_piecewise_lshift(_v, _shift)				\
+do {									\
+	unsigned long _sb = (_shift) / (sizeof(_v) * CHAR_BIT - 1);	\
+	unsigned long _final = (_shift) % (sizeof(_v) * CHAR_BIT - 1);	\
+									\
+	for (; _sb; _sb--)						\
+		(_v) = _bt_lshift(_v, sizeof(_v) * CHAR_BIT - 1);	\
+	(_v) = _bt_lshift(_v, _final);					\
+} while (0)
 
 /*
  * bt_bitfield_write - write integer to a bitfield in native endianness
@@ -91,7 +187,7 @@
 
 #define _bt_bitfield_write_le(_ptr, type, _start, _length, _v)		\
 do {									\
-	typeof(_v) __v = (_v);						\
+	__typeof__(_v) __v = (_v);					\
 	type *__ptr = (void *) (_ptr);					\
 	unsigned long __start = (_start), __length = (_length);		\
 	type mask, cmask;						\
@@ -108,15 +204,15 @@ do {									\
 									\
 	/* Trim v high bits */						\
 	if (__length < sizeof(__v) * CHAR_BIT)				\
-		__v &= ~((~(typeof(__v)) 0) << __length);		\
+		__v &= _bt_make_mask(__typeof__(__v), __length);	\
 									\
 	/* We can now append v with a simple "or", shift it piece-wise */ \
 	this_unit = start_unit;						\
 	if (start_unit == end_unit - 1) {				\
-		mask = ~((~(type) 0) << (__start % ts));		\
+		mask = _bt_make_mask(type, __start % ts);		\
 		if (end % ts)						\
-			mask |= (~(type) 0) << (end % ts);		\
-		cmask = (type) __v << (__start % ts);			\
+			mask |= _bt_make_mask_complement(type, end % ts); \
+		cmask = _bt_lshift((type) (__v), __start % ts);		\
 		cmask &= ~mask;						\
 		__ptr[this_unit] &= mask;				\
 		__ptr[this_unit] |= cmask;				\
@@ -124,22 +220,22 @@ do {									\
 	}								\
 	if (__start % ts) {						\
 		cshift = __start % ts;					\
-		mask = ~((~(type) 0) << cshift);			\
-		cmask = (type) __v << cshift;				\
+		mask = _bt_make_mask(type, cshift);			\
+		cmask = _bt_lshift((type) (__v), cshift);		\
 		cmask &= ~mask;						\
 		__ptr[this_unit] &= mask;				\
 		__ptr[this_unit] |= cmask;				\
-		__v = _bt_piecewise_rshift(__v, ts - cshift);		\
+		_bt_piecewise_rshift(__v, ts - cshift);			\
 		__start += ts - cshift;					\
 		this_unit++;						\
 	}								\
 	for (; this_unit < end_unit - 1; this_unit++) {			\
 		__ptr[this_unit] = (type) __v;				\
-		__v = _bt_piecewise_rshift(__v, ts);			\
+		_bt_piecewise_rshift(__v, ts);				\
 		__start += ts;						\
 	}								\
 	if (end % ts) {							\
-		mask = (~(type) 0) << (end % ts);			\
+		mask = _bt_make_mask_complement(type, end % ts);	\
 		cmask = (type) __v;					\
 		cmask &= ~mask;						\
 		__ptr[this_unit] &= mask;				\
@@ -150,7 +246,7 @@ do {									\
 
 #define _bt_bitfield_write_be(_ptr, type, _start, _length, _v)		\
 do {									\
-	typeof(_v) __v = (_v);						\
+	__typeof__(_v) __v = (_v);					\
 	type *__ptr = (void *) (_ptr);					\
 	unsigned long __start = (_start), __length = (_length);		\
 	type mask, cmask;						\
@@ -167,15 +263,15 @@ do {									\
 									\
 	/* Trim v high bits */						\
 	if (__length < sizeof(__v) * CHAR_BIT)				\
-		__v &= ~((~(typeof(__v)) 0) << __length);		\
+		__v &= _bt_make_mask(__typeof__(__v), __length);	\
 									\
 	/* We can now append v with a simple "or", shift it piece-wise */ \
 	this_unit = end_unit - 1;					\
 	if (start_unit == end_unit - 1) {				\
-		mask = ~((~(type) 0) << ((ts - (end % ts)) % ts));	\
+		mask = _bt_make_mask(type, (ts - (end % ts)) % ts);	\
 		if (__start % ts)					\
-			mask |= (~((type) 0)) << (ts - (__start % ts));	\
-		cmask = (type) __v << ((ts - (end % ts)) % ts);		\
+			mask |= _bt_make_mask_complement(type, ts - (__start % ts)); \
+		cmask = _bt_lshift((type) (__v), (ts - (end % ts)) % ts); \
 		cmask &= ~mask;						\
 		__ptr[this_unit] &= mask;				\
 		__ptr[this_unit] |= cmask;				\
@@ -183,22 +279,22 @@ do {									\
 	}								\
 	if (end % ts) {							\
 		cshift = end % ts;					\
-		mask = ~((~(type) 0) << (ts - cshift));			\
-		cmask = (type) __v << (ts - cshift);			\
+		mask = _bt_make_mask(type, ts - cshift);		\
+		cmask = _bt_lshift((type) (__v), ts - cshift);		\
 		cmask &= ~mask;						\
 		__ptr[this_unit] &= mask;				\
 		__ptr[this_unit] |= cmask;				\
-		__v = _bt_piecewise_rshift(__v, cshift);		\
+		_bt_piecewise_rshift(__v, cshift);			\
 		end -= cshift;						\
 		this_unit--;						\
 	}								\
 	for (; (long) this_unit >= (long) start_unit + 1; this_unit--) { \
 		__ptr[this_unit] = (type) __v;				\
-		__v = _bt_piecewise_rshift(__v, ts);			\
+		_bt_piecewise_rshift(__v, ts);				\
 		end -= ts;						\
 	}								\
 	if (__start % ts) {						\
-		mask = (~(type) 0) << (ts - (__start % ts));		\
+		mask = _bt_make_mask(type, ts - (__start % ts));	\
 		cmask = (type) __v;					\
 		cmask &= ~mask;						\
 		__ptr[this_unit] &= mask;				\
@@ -243,8 +339,8 @@ do {									\
 
 #define _bt_bitfield_read_le(_ptr, type, _start, _length, _vptr)	\
 do {									\
-	typeof(*(_vptr)) *__vptr = (_vptr);				\
-	typeof(*__vptr) __v;						\
+	__typeof__(*(_vptr)) *__vptr = (_vptr);				\
+	__typeof__(*__vptr) __v;					\
 	type *__ptr = (void *) (_ptr);					\
 	unsigned long __start = (_start), __length = (_length);		\
 	type mask, cmask;						\
@@ -252,10 +348,6 @@ do {									\
 	unsigned long start_unit, end_unit, this_unit;			\
 	unsigned long end, cshift; /* cshift is "complement shift" */	\
 									\
-	{ _bt_check_max_64bit(type); }					\
-	{ _bt_check_max_64bit(typeof(*_vptr)); }			\
-	{ _bt_check_max_64bit(typeof(*_ptr)); }				\
-									\
 	if (!__length) {						\
 		*__vptr = 0;						\
 		break;							\
@@ -266,56 +358,56 @@ do {									\
 	end_unit = (end + (ts - 1)) / ts;				\
 									\
 	this_unit = end_unit - 1;					\
-	if (_bt_is_signed_type(typeof(__v))				\
-	    && (__ptr[this_unit] & ((type) 1 << ((end % ts ? : ts) - 1)))) \
-		__v = ~(typeof(__v)) 0;					\
+	if (_bt_is_signed_type(__typeof__(__v))				\
+	    && (__ptr[this_unit] & _bt_lshift((type) 1, (end % ts ? end % ts : ts) - 1))) \
+		__v = ~(__typeof__(__v)) 0;				\
 	else								\
 		__v = 0;						\
 	if (start_unit == end_unit - 1) {				\
 		cmask = __ptr[this_unit];				\
-		cmask >>= (__start % ts);				\
+		cmask = _bt_rshift(cmask, __start % ts);		\
 		if ((end - __start) % ts) {				\
-			mask = ~((~(type) 0) << (end - __start));	\
+			mask = _bt_make_mask(type, end - __start);	\
 			cmask &= mask;					\
 		}							\
-		__v = _bt_piecewise_lshift(__v, end - __start);		\
-		__v |= _bt_unsigned_cast(typeof(__v), cmask);		\
+		_bt_piecewise_lshift(__v, end - __start);		\
+		__v |= _bt_cast_value_to_unsigned_type(__typeof__(__v), cmask); \
 		*__vptr = __v;						\
 		break;							\
 	}								\
 	if (end % ts) {							\
 		cshift = end % ts;					\
-		mask = ~((~(type) 0) << cshift);			\
+		mask = _bt_make_mask(type, cshift);			\
 		cmask = __ptr[this_unit];				\
 		cmask &= mask;						\
-		__v = _bt_piecewise_lshift(__v, cshift);		\
-		__v |= _bt_unsigned_cast(typeof(__v), cmask);		\
+		_bt_piecewise_lshift(__v, cshift);			\
+		__v |= _bt_cast_value_to_unsigned_type(__typeof__(__v), cmask); \
 		end -= cshift;						\
 		this_unit--;						\
 	}								\
 	for (; (long) this_unit >= (long) start_unit + 1; this_unit--) { \
-		__v = _bt_piecewise_lshift(__v, ts);			\
-		__v |= _bt_unsigned_cast(typeof(__v), __ptr[this_unit]);\
+		_bt_piecewise_lshift(__v, ts);				\
+		__v |= _bt_cast_value_to_unsigned_type(__typeof__(__v), __ptr[this_unit]); \
 		end -= ts;						\
 	}								\
 	if (__start % ts) {						\
-		mask = ~((~(type) 0) << (ts - (__start % ts)));		\
+		mask = _bt_make_mask(type, ts - (__start % ts));	\
 		cmask = __ptr[this_unit];				\
-		cmask >>= (__start % ts);				\
+		cmask = _bt_rshift(cmask, __start % ts);		\
 		cmask &= mask;						\
-		__v = _bt_piecewise_lshift(__v, ts - (__start % ts));	\
-		__v |= _bt_unsigned_cast(typeof(__v), cmask);		\
+		_bt_piecewise_lshift(__v, ts - (__start % ts));		\
+		__v |= _bt_cast_value_to_unsigned_type(__typeof__(__v), cmask); \
 	} else {							\
-		__v = _bt_piecewise_lshift(__v, ts);			\
-		__v |= _bt_unsigned_cast(typeof(__v), __ptr[this_unit]);\
+		_bt_piecewise_lshift(__v, ts);				\
+		__v |= _bt_cast_value_to_unsigned_type(__typeof__(__v), __ptr[this_unit]); \
 	}								\
 	*__vptr = __v;							\
 } while (0)
 
 #define _bt_bitfield_read_be(_ptr, type, _start, _length, _vptr)	\
 do {									\
-	typeof(*(_vptr)) *__vptr = (_vptr);				\
-	typeof(*__vptr) __v;						\
+	__typeof__(*(_vptr)) *__vptr = (_vptr);				\
+	__typeof__(*__vptr) __v;					\
 	type *__ptr = (void *) (_ptr);					\
 	unsigned long __start = (_start), __length = (_length);		\
 	type mask, cmask;						\
@@ -323,10 +415,6 @@ do {									\
 	unsigned long start_unit, end_unit, this_unit;			\
 	unsigned long end, cshift; /* cshift is "complement shift" */	\
 									\
-	{ _bt_check_max_64bit(type); }					\
-	{ _bt_check_max_64bit(typeof(*_vptr)); }			\
-	{ _bt_check_max_64bit(typeof(*_ptr)); }				\
-									\
 	if (!__length) {						\
 		*__vptr = 0;						\
 		break;							\
@@ -337,48 +425,48 @@ do {									\
 	end_unit = (end + (ts - 1)) / ts;				\
 									\
 	this_unit = start_unit;						\
-	if (_bt_is_signed_type(typeof(__v))				\
-	    && (__ptr[this_unit] & ((type) 1 << (ts - (__start % ts) - 1)))) \
-		__v = ~(typeof(__v)) 0;					\
+	if (_bt_is_signed_type(__typeof__(__v))				\
+	    && (__ptr[this_unit] & _bt_lshift((type) 1, ts - (__start % ts) - 1))) \
+		__v = ~(__typeof__(__v)) 0;				\
 	else								\
 		__v = 0;						\
 	if (start_unit == end_unit - 1) {				\
 		cmask = __ptr[this_unit];				\
-		cmask >>= (ts - (end % ts)) % ts;			\
+		cmask = _bt_rshift(cmask, (ts - (end % ts)) % ts);	\
 		if ((end - __start) % ts) {				\
-			mask = ~((~(type) 0) << (end - __start));	\
+			mask = _bt_make_mask(type, end - __start);	\
 			cmask &= mask;					\
 		}							\
-		__v = _bt_piecewise_lshift(__v, end - __start);		\
-		__v |= _bt_unsigned_cast(typeof(__v), cmask);		\
+		_bt_piecewise_lshift(__v, end - __start);		\
+		__v |= _bt_cast_value_to_unsigned_type(__typeof__(__v), cmask); \
 		*__vptr = __v;						\
 		break;							\
 	}								\
 	if (__start % ts) {						\
 		cshift = __start % ts;					\
-		mask = ~((~(type) 0) << (ts - cshift));			\
+		mask = _bt_make_mask(type, ts - cshift);		\
 		cmask = __ptr[this_unit];				\
 		cmask &= mask;						\
-		__v = _bt_piecewise_lshift(__v, ts - cshift);		\
-		__v |= _bt_unsigned_cast(typeof(__v), cmask);		\
+		_bt_piecewise_lshift(__v, ts - cshift);			\
+		__v |= _bt_cast_value_to_unsigned_type(__typeof__(__v), cmask); \
 		__start += ts - cshift;					\
 		this_unit++;						\
 	}								\
 	for (; this_unit < end_unit - 1; this_unit++) {			\
-		__v = _bt_piecewise_lshift(__v, ts);			\
-		__v |= _bt_unsigned_cast(typeof(__v), __ptr[this_unit]);\
+		_bt_piecewise_lshift(__v, ts);				\
+		__v |= _bt_cast_value_to_unsigned_type(__typeof__(__v), __ptr[this_unit]); \
 		__start += ts;						\
 	}								\
 	if (end % ts) {							\
-		mask = ~((~(type) 0) << (end % ts));			\
+		mask = _bt_make_mask(type, end % ts);			\
 		cmask = __ptr[this_unit];				\
-		cmask >>= ts - (end % ts);				\
+		cmask = _bt_rshift(cmask, ts - (end % ts));		\
 		cmask &= mask;						\
-		__v = _bt_piecewise_lshift(__v, end % ts);		\
-		__v |= _bt_unsigned_cast(typeof(__v), cmask);		\
+		_bt_piecewise_lshift(__v, end % ts);			\
+		__v |= _bt_cast_value_to_unsigned_type(__typeof__(__v), cmask); \
 	} else {							\
-		__v = _bt_piecewise_lshift(__v, ts);			\
-		__v |= _bt_unsigned_cast(typeof(__v), __ptr[this_unit]);\
+		_bt_piecewise_lshift(__v, ts);				\
+		__v |= _bt_cast_value_to_unsigned_type(__typeof__(__v), __ptr[this_unit]); \
 	}								\
 	*__vptr = __v;							\
 } while (0)
diff --git a/plugins/text/pretty/print.c b/plugins/text/pretty/print.c
index 95189d5e..2d5ac0d2 100644
--- a/plugins/text/pretty/print.c
+++ b/plugins/text/pretty/print.c
@@ -546,10 +546,10 @@ int print_integer(struct pretty_component *pretty,
 
 		len = bt_field_class_integer_get_field_value_range(int_fc);
 		g_string_append(pretty->string, "0b");
-		v.u = _bt_piecewise_lshift(v.u, 64 - len);
+		_bt_piecewise_lshift(v.u, 64 - len);
 		for (bitnr = 0; bitnr < len; bitnr++) {
 			g_string_append_printf(pretty->string, "%u", (v.u & (1ULL << 63)) ? 1 : 0);
-			v.u = _bt_piecewise_lshift(v.u, 1);
+			_bt_piecewise_lshift(v.u, 1);
 		}
 		break;
 	}
-- 
2.11.0



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