[lttng-dev] [RFC URCU PATCH] wfqueue: ABI v1, simplify implementation, 2.3x to 2.6x performance boost

Mathieu Desnoyers mathieu.desnoyers at efficios.com
Fri Aug 17 00:10:40 EDT 2012


And here is the new ABI I propose.

Thanks,

Mathieu

* Mathieu Desnoyers (mathieu.desnoyers at efficios.com) wrote:
> This work is derived from the patch from Lai Jiangshan submitted as
> "urcu: new wfqueue implementation"
> (http://lists.lttng.org/pipermail/lttng-dev/2012-August/018379.html)
> 
> Its changelog:
> 
> > Some guys would be surprised by this fact:
> > There are already TWO implementations of wfqueue in urcu.
> >
> > The first one is in urcu/static/wfqueue.h:
> > 1) enqueue: exchange the tail and then update previous->next
> > 2) dequeue: wait for first node's next pointer and them shift, a dummy node
> > 	is introduced to avoid the queue->tail become NULL when shift.
> >
> > The second one shares some code with the first one, and the left code
> > are spreading in urcu-call-rcu-impl.h:
> > 1) enqueue: share with the first one
> > 2) no dequeue operation: and no shift, so it don't need dummy node,
> > 	Although the dummy node is queued when initialization, but it is removed
> > 	after the first dequeue_all operation in call_rcu_thread().
> > 	call_rcu_data_free() forgets to handle the dummy node if it is not removed.
> > 3)dequeue_all: record the old head and tail, and queue->head become the special
> > 	tail node.(atomic record the tail and change the tail).
> >
> > The second implementation's code are spreading, bad for review, and it is not
> > tested by tests/test_urcu_wfq.
> >
> > So we need a better implementation avoid the dummy node dancing and can service
> > both generic wfqueue APIs and dequeue_all API for call rcu.
> >
> > The new implementation:
> > 1) enqueue: share with the first one/original implementation.
> > 2) dequeue: shift when node count >= 2, cmpxchg when node count = 1.
> > 	no dummy node, save memory.
> > 3) dequeue_all: simply set queue->head.next to NULL, xchg the tail
> > 	and return the old head.next.
> >
> > More implementation details are in the code.
> > tests/test_urcu_wfq will be update in future for testing new APIs.
> 
> The patch proposed by Lai brings a very interesting simplification to
> the single-node handling (which is kept here), and moves all queue
> handling code away from call_rcu implementation, back into the wfqueue
> code. This has the benefit to allow testing enhancements.
> 
> I modified it so the API does not expose implementation details to the
> user (e.g. ___cds_wfq_node_sync_next). I added a "splice" operation and
> a for loop iterator which should allow wfqueue users to use the list
> very efficiently both from LGPL/GPL code and from non-LGPL-compatible
> code.
> 
> Benchmarks performed on Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-3520M CPU @ 2.90GHz
> (dual-core, with hyperthreading)
> 
> Benchmark invoked:
> for a in $(seq 1 10); do ./test_urcu_wfq 1 1 10 -a 0 -a 2; done
> 
> (using cpu number 0 and 2, which should correspond to two cores of my
> Intel 2-core/hyperthread processor)
> 
> Before patch:
> 
> testdur   10 nr_enqueuers   1 wdelay      0 nr_dequeuers   1 rdur      0 nr_enqueues     97274297 nr_dequeues     80745742 successful enqueues     97274297 successful dequeues     80745321 end_dequeues 16528976 nr_ops    178020039
> testdur   10 nr_enqueuers   1 wdelay      0 nr_dequeuers   1 rdur      0 nr_enqueues     92300568 nr_dequeues     75019529 successful enqueues     92300568 successful dequeues     74973237 end_dequeues 17327331 nr_ops    167320097
> testdur   10 nr_enqueuers   1 wdelay      0 nr_dequeuers   1 rdur      0 nr_enqueues     93516443 nr_dequeues     75846726 successful enqueues     93516443 successful dequeues     75826578 end_dequeues 17689865 nr_ops    169363169
> testdur   10 nr_enqueuers   1 wdelay      0 nr_dequeuers   1 rdur      0 nr_enqueues     94160362 nr_dequeues     77967638 successful enqueues     94160362 successful dequeues     77967638 end_dequeues 16192724 nr_ops    172128000
> testdur   10 nr_enqueuers   1 wdelay      0 nr_dequeuers   1 rdur      0 nr_enqueues     97491956 nr_dequeues     81001191 successful enqueues     97491956 successful dequeues     81000247 end_dequeues 16491709 nr_ops    178493147
> testdur   10 nr_enqueuers   1 wdelay      0 nr_dequeuers   1 rdur      0 nr_enqueues     94101298 nr_dequeues     75650510 successful enqueues     94101298 successful dequeues     75649318 end_dequeues 18451980 nr_ops    169751808
> testdur   10 nr_enqueuers   1 wdelay      0 nr_dequeuers   1 rdur      0 nr_enqueues     94742803 nr_dequeues     75402105 successful enqueues     94742803 successful dequeues     75341859 end_dequeues 19400944 nr_ops    170144908
> testdur   10 nr_enqueuers   1 wdelay      0 nr_dequeuers   1 rdur      0 nr_enqueues     92198835 nr_dequeues     75037877 successful enqueues     92198835 successful dequeues     75027605 end_dequeues 17171230 nr_ops    167236712
> testdur   10 nr_enqueuers   1 wdelay      0 nr_dequeuers   1 rdur      0 nr_enqueues     94159560 nr_dequeues     77895972 successful enqueues     94159560 successful dequeues     77858442 end_dequeues 16301118 nr_ops    172055532
> testdur   10 nr_enqueuers   1 wdelay      0 nr_dequeuers   1 rdur      0 nr_enqueues     96059399 nr_dequeues     80115442 successful enqueues     96059399 successful dequeues     80066843 end_dequeues 15992556 nr_ops    176174841
> 
> After patch:
> 
> testdur   10 nr_enqueuers   1 wdelay      0 nr_dequeuers   1 rdur      0 nr_enqueues    221229322 nr_dequeues    210645491 successful enqueues    221229322 successful dequeues    210645088 end_dequeues 10584234 nr_ops    431874813
> testdur   10 nr_enqueuers   1 wdelay      0 nr_dequeuers   1 rdur      0 nr_enqueues    219803943 nr_dequeues    210377337 successful enqueues    219803943 successful dequeues    210368680 end_dequeues 9435263 nr_ops    430181280
> testdur   10 nr_enqueuers   1 wdelay      0 nr_dequeuers   1 rdur      0 nr_enqueues    237006358 nr_dequeues    237035340 successful enqueues    237006358 successful dequeues    236997050 end_dequeues 9308 nr_ops    474041698
> testdur   10 nr_enqueuers   1 wdelay      0 nr_dequeuers   1 rdur      0 nr_enqueues    235822443 nr_dequeues    235815942 successful enqueues    235822443 successful dequeues    235814020 end_dequeues 8423 nr_ops    471638385
> testdur   10 nr_enqueuers   1 wdelay      0 nr_dequeuers   1 rdur      0 nr_enqueues    235825567 nr_dequeues    235811803 successful enqueues    235825567 successful dequeues    235810526 end_dequeues 15041 nr_ops    471637370
> testdur   10 nr_enqueuers   1 wdelay      0 nr_dequeuers   1 rdur      0 nr_enqueues    221974953 nr_dequeues    210938190 successful enqueues    221974953 successful dequeues    210938190 end_dequeues 11036763 nr_ops    432913143
> testdur   10 nr_enqueuers   1 wdelay      0 nr_dequeuers   1 rdur      0 nr_enqueues    237994492 nr_dequeues    237938119 successful enqueues    237994492 successful dequeues    237930648 end_dequeues 63844 nr_ops    475932611
> testdur   10 nr_enqueuers   1 wdelay      0 nr_dequeuers   1 rdur      0 nr_enqueues    220634365 nr_dequeues    210491382 successful enqueues    220634365 successful dequeues    210490995 end_dequeues 10143370 nr_ops    431125747
> testdur   10 nr_enqueuers   1 wdelay      0 nr_dequeuers   1 rdur      0 nr_enqueues    237388065 nr_dequeues    237401251 successful enqueues    237388065 successful dequeues    237380295 end_dequeues 7770 nr_ops    474789316
> testdur   10 nr_enqueuers   1 wdelay      0 nr_dequeuers   1 rdur      0 nr_enqueues    221201436 nr_dequeues    210831162 successful enqueues    221201436 successful dequeues    210831162 end_dequeues 10370274 nr_ops    432032598
> 
> Summary: Both enqueue and dequeue speed increase: around 2.3x speedup
> for enqueue, and around 2.6x for dequeue.
> 
> We can verify that:
>    successful enqueues - successful dequeues = end_dequeues
> 
> For all runs (ensures correctness: no lost node).
> 
> * Introduce wfqueue ABI v1 (false-sharing fix)
> 
> wfqueue v0 suffers from false-sharing between head and tail. By
> cache-aligning head and tail, we get a significant speedup on
> benchmarks. But in order to do that, we need to break the ABI to enlarge
> struct cds_wfq_queue.
> 
> Provide a backward compatibility ABI for the old wfqueue by defining the
> original symbols to the old implementation (which uses dummy node).
> Programs compiled against old headers, which are not LGPL_SOURCE, will
> still use the old implementation.
> 
> Any code compiled against the new header will directly use the new ABI.
> 
> This does not require any change in the way users call the API: the new
> ABI symbols are simply defined with _1 suffix, and wrapped by
> preprocessor macros.
> 
> Known limitation: users should *not* link together objects using the v0
> and v1 APIs of wfqueue and exchange struct cds_wfq_queue structures
> between the two. The only way to run into this corner-case would be to
> combine objects compiled with different versions of the urcu/wfqueue.h
> header.
> 
> CC: Lai Jiangshan <laijs at cn.fujitsu.com>
> CC: Paul McKenney <paulmck at linux.vnet.ibm.com>
> Signed-off-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers at efficios.com>
> ---
> diff --git a/Makefile.am b/Makefile.am
> index 2396fcf..31052ef 100644
> --- a/Makefile.am
> +++ b/Makefile.am
> @@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ lib_LTLIBRARIES = liburcu-common.la \
>  # liburcu-common contains wait-free queues (needed by call_rcu) as well
>  # as futex fallbacks.
>  #
> -liburcu_common_la_SOURCES = wfqueue.c wfstack.c $(COMPAT)
> +liburcu_common_la_SOURCES = wfqueue.c wfqueue0.c wfstack.c $(COMPAT)
>  
>  liburcu_la_SOURCES = urcu.c urcu-pointer.c $(COMPAT)
>  liburcu_la_LIBADD = liburcu-common.la
> diff --git a/urcu-call-rcu-impl.h b/urcu-call-rcu-impl.h
> index 13b24ff..d8537d0 100644
> --- a/urcu-call-rcu-impl.h
> +++ b/urcu-call-rcu-impl.h
> @@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
>   */
>  
>  #define _GNU_SOURCE
> +#define _LGPL_SOURCE
>  #include <stdio.h>
>  #include <pthread.h>
>  #include <signal.h>
> @@ -220,10 +221,7 @@ static void call_rcu_wake_up(struct call_rcu_data *crdp)
>  static void *call_rcu_thread(void *arg)
>  {
>  	unsigned long cbcount;
> -	struct cds_wfq_node *cbs;
> -	struct cds_wfq_node **cbs_tail;
> -	struct call_rcu_data *crdp = (struct call_rcu_data *)arg;
> -	struct rcu_head *rhp;
> +	struct call_rcu_data *crdp = (struct call_rcu_data *) arg;
>  	int rt = !!(uatomic_read(&crdp->flags) & URCU_CALL_RCU_RT);
>  	int ret;
>  
> @@ -243,35 +241,30 @@ static void *call_rcu_thread(void *arg)
>  		cmm_smp_mb();
>  	}
>  	for (;;) {
> -		if (&crdp->cbs.head != _CMM_LOAD_SHARED(crdp->cbs.tail)) {
> -			while ((cbs = _CMM_LOAD_SHARED(crdp->cbs.head)) == NULL)
> -				poll(NULL, 0, 1);
> -			_CMM_STORE_SHARED(crdp->cbs.head, NULL);
> -			cbs_tail = (struct cds_wfq_node **)
> -				uatomic_xchg(&crdp->cbs.tail, &crdp->cbs.head);
> +		struct cds_wfq_queue cbs_tmp;
> +		struct cds_wfq_node *cbs, *tmp_cbs;
> +
> +		cds_wfq_init(&cbs_tmp);
> +		__cds_wfq_splice_blocking(&cbs_tmp, &crdp->cbs);
> +		if (!cds_wfq_empty(&cbs_tmp)) {
>  			synchronize_rcu();
>  			cbcount = 0;
> -			do {
> -				while (cbs->next == NULL &&
> -				       &cbs->next != cbs_tail)
> -				       	poll(NULL, 0, 1);
> -				if (cbs == &crdp->cbs.dummy) {
> -					cbs = cbs->next;
> -					continue;
> -				}
> -				rhp = (struct rcu_head *)cbs;
> -				cbs = cbs->next;
> +			__cds_wfq_for_each_blocking_safe(&cbs_tmp,
> +					cbs, tmp_cbs) {
> +				struct rcu_head *rhp;
> +
> +				rhp = caa_container_of(cbs,
> +					struct rcu_head, next);
>  				rhp->func(rhp);
>  				cbcount++;
> -			} while (cbs != NULL);
> +			}
>  			uatomic_sub(&crdp->qlen, cbcount);
>  		}
>  		if (uatomic_read(&crdp->flags) & URCU_CALL_RCU_STOP)
>  			break;
>  		rcu_thread_offline();
>  		if (!rt) {
> -			if (&crdp->cbs.head
> -			    == _CMM_LOAD_SHARED(crdp->cbs.tail)) {
> +			if (cds_wfq_empty(&crdp->cbs)) {
>  				call_rcu_wait(crdp);
>  				poll(NULL, 0, 10);
>  				uatomic_dec(&crdp->futex);
> @@ -625,32 +618,27 @@ void call_rcu(struct rcu_head *head,
>   */
>  void call_rcu_data_free(struct call_rcu_data *crdp)
>  {
> -	struct cds_wfq_node *cbs;
> -	struct cds_wfq_node **cbs_tail;
> -	struct cds_wfq_node **cbs_endprev;
> -
>  	if (crdp == NULL || crdp == default_call_rcu_data) {
>  		return;
>  	}
> +
>  	if ((uatomic_read(&crdp->flags) & URCU_CALL_RCU_STOPPED) == 0) {
>  		uatomic_or(&crdp->flags, URCU_CALL_RCU_STOP);
>  		wake_call_rcu_thread(crdp);
>  		while ((uatomic_read(&crdp->flags) & URCU_CALL_RCU_STOPPED) == 0)
>  			poll(NULL, 0, 1);
>  	}
> -	if (&crdp->cbs.head != _CMM_LOAD_SHARED(crdp->cbs.tail)) {
> -		while ((cbs = _CMM_LOAD_SHARED(crdp->cbs.head)) == NULL)
> -			poll(NULL, 0, 1);
> -		_CMM_STORE_SHARED(crdp->cbs.head, NULL);
> -		cbs_tail = (struct cds_wfq_node **)
> -			uatomic_xchg(&crdp->cbs.tail, &crdp->cbs.head);
> +
> +	if (!cds_wfq_empty(&crdp->cbs)) {
>  		/* Create default call rcu data if need be */
>  		(void) get_default_call_rcu_data();
> -		cbs_endprev = (struct cds_wfq_node **)
> -			uatomic_xchg(&default_call_rcu_data, cbs_tail);
> -		*cbs_endprev = cbs;
> +
> +		__cds_wfq_splice_blocking(&default_call_rcu_data->cbs,
> +					&crdp->cbs);
> +
>  		uatomic_add(&default_call_rcu_data->qlen,
>  			    uatomic_read(&crdp->qlen));
> +
>  		wake_call_rcu_thread(default_call_rcu_data);
>  	}
>  
> diff --git a/urcu/static/wfqueue.h b/urcu/static/wfqueue.h
> index 636e1af..52e452d 100644
> --- a/urcu/static/wfqueue.h
> +++ b/urcu/static/wfqueue.h
> @@ -9,7 +9,8 @@
>   * TO BE INCLUDED ONLY IN LGPL-COMPATIBLE CODE. See wfqueue.h for linking
>   * dynamically with the userspace rcu library.
>   *
> - * Copyright 2010 - Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers at efficios.com>
> + * Copyright 2010-2012 - Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers at efficios.com>
> + * Copyright 2011-2012 - Lai Jiangshan <laijs at cn.fujitsu.com>
>   *
>   * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
>   * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
> @@ -29,6 +30,7 @@
>  #include <pthread.h>
>  #include <assert.h>
>  #include <poll.h>
> +#include <stdbool.h>
>  #include <urcu/compiler.h>
>  #include <urcu/uatomic.h>
>  
> @@ -38,11 +40,16 @@ extern "C" {
>  
>  /*
>   * Queue with wait-free enqueue/blocking dequeue.
> - * This implementation adds a dummy head node when the queue is empty to ensure
> - * we can always update the queue locklessly.
>   *
>   * Inspired from half-wait-free/half-blocking queue implementation done by
>   * Paul E. McKenney.
> + *
> + * Caller must ensure mutual exclusion of queue update operations
> + * "dequeue" and "splice" source queue. Queue read operations "first"
> + * and "next" need to be protected against concurrent "dequeue" and
> + * "splice" (for source queue) by the caller. "enqueue", "splice"
> + * (destination queue), and "empty" are the only operations that can be
> + * used without any mutual exclusion.
>   */
>  
>  #define WFQ_ADAPT_ATTEMPTS		10	/* Retry if being set */
> @@ -57,31 +64,55 @@ static inline void _cds_wfq_init(struct cds_wfq_queue *q)
>  {
>  	int ret;
>  
> -	_cds_wfq_node_init(&q->dummy);
>  	/* Set queue head and tail */
> -	q->head = &q->dummy;
> -	q->tail = &q->dummy.next;
> -	ret = pthread_mutex_init(&q->lock, NULL);
> +	_cds_wfq_node_init(&q->dequeue.head);
> +	q->enqueue.tail = &q->dequeue.head;
> +	ret = pthread_mutex_init(&q->dequeue.lock, NULL);
>  	assert(!ret);
>  }
>  
> -static inline void _cds_wfq_enqueue(struct cds_wfq_queue *q,
> -				    struct cds_wfq_node *node)
> +static inline bool _cds_wfq_empty(struct cds_wfq_queue *q)
>  {
> -	struct cds_wfq_node **old_tail;
> +	/*
> +	 * Queue is empty if no node is pointed by q->head.next nor
> +	 * q->tail. Even though the q->tail check is sufficient to find
> +	 * out of the queue is empty, we first check q->head.next as a
> +	 * common case to ensure that dequeuers do not frequently access
> +	 * enqueuer's q->tail cache line.
> +	 */
> +	return CMM_LOAD_SHARED(q->dequeue.head.next) == NULL
> +		&& CMM_LOAD_SHARED(q->enqueue.tail) == &q->dequeue.head;
> +}
> +
> +static inline void ___cds_wfq_append(struct cds_wfq_queue *q,
> +		struct cds_wfq_node *new_head,
> +		struct cds_wfq_node *new_tail)
> +{
> +	struct cds_wfq_node *old_tail;
>  
>  	/*
> -	 * uatomic_xchg() implicit memory barrier orders earlier stores to data
> -	 * structure containing node and setting node->next to NULL before
> -	 * publication.
> +	 * Implicit memory barrier before uatomic_xchg() orders earlier
> +	 * stores to data structure containing node and setting
> +	 * node->next to NULL before publication.
>  	 */
> -	old_tail = uatomic_xchg(&q->tail, &node->next);
> +	old_tail = uatomic_xchg(&q->enqueue.tail, new_tail);
> +
>  	/*
> -	 * At this point, dequeuers see a NULL old_tail->next, which indicates
> -	 * that the queue is being appended to. The following store will append
> -	 * "node" to the queue from a dequeuer perspective.
> +	 * Implicit memory barrier after uatomic_xchg() orders store to
> +	 * q->tail before store to old_tail->next.
> +	 *
> +	 * At this point, dequeuers see a NULL q->tail->next, which
> +	 * indicates that the queue is being appended to. The following
> +	 * store will append "node" to the queue from a dequeuer
> +	 * perspective.
>  	 */
> -	CMM_STORE_SHARED(*old_tail, node);
> +	CMM_STORE_SHARED(old_tail->next, new_head);
> +}
> +
> +static inline void _cds_wfq_enqueue(struct cds_wfq_queue *q,
> +		struct cds_wfq_node *new_tail)
> +{
> +	___cds_wfq_append(q, new_tail, new_tail);
>  }
>  
>  /*
> @@ -100,14 +131,68 @@ ___cds_wfq_node_sync_next(struct cds_wfq_node *node)
>  		if (++attempt >= WFQ_ADAPT_ATTEMPTS) {
>  			poll(NULL, 0, WFQ_WAIT);	/* Wait for 10ms */
>  			attempt = 0;
> -		} else
> +		} else {
>  			caa_cpu_relax();
> +		}
>  	}
>  
>  	return next;
>  }
>  
>  /*
> + * ___cds_wfq_first_blocking: get first node of a queue, without dequeuing.
> + *
> + * Mutual exclusion with "dequeue" and "splice" operations must be ensured
> + * by the caller.
> + */
> +static inline struct cds_wfq_node *
> +___cds_wfq_first_blocking(struct cds_wfq_queue *q)
> +{
> +	struct cds_wfq_node *node;
> +
> +	if (_cds_wfq_empty(q))
> +		return NULL;
> +	node = ___cds_wfq_node_sync_next(&q->dequeue.head);
> +	/* Load q->head.next before loading node's content */
> +	cmm_smp_read_barrier_depends();
> +	return node;
> +}
> +
> +/*
> + * ___cds_wfq_next_blocking: get next node of a queue, without dequeuing.
> + *
> + * Mutual exclusion with "dequeue" and "splice" operations must be ensured
> + * by the caller.
> + */
> +static inline struct cds_wfq_node *
> +___cds_wfq_next_blocking(struct cds_wfq_queue *q, struct cds_wfq_node *node)
> +{
> +	struct cds_wfq_node *next;
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * Even though the following q->tail check is sufficient to find
> +	 * out if we reached the end of the queue, we first check
> +	 * node->next as a common case to ensure that iteration on nodes
> +	 * do not frequently access enqueuer's q->tail cache line.
> +	 */
> +	if ((next = CMM_LOAD_SHARED(node->next)) != NULL) {
> +		/* Load node->next before loading next's content */
> +		cmm_smp_read_barrier_depends();
> +		return next;
> +	}
> +	/* Load node->next before q->tail */
> +	cmm_smp_rmb();
> +	if (CMM_LOAD_SHARED(q->enqueue.tail) == node)
> +		return NULL;
> +	next = ___cds_wfq_node_sync_next(node);
> +	/* Load node->next before loading next's content */
> +	cmm_smp_read_barrier_depends();
> +	return next;
> +}
> +
> +/*
> + * ___cds_wfq_dequeue_blocking: dequeue a node from the queue.
> + *
>   * It is valid to reuse and free a dequeued node immediately.
>   *
>   * No need to go on a waitqueue here, as there is no possible state in which the
> @@ -120,42 +205,104 @@ ___cds_wfq_dequeue_blocking(struct cds_wfq_queue *q)
>  {
>  	struct cds_wfq_node *node, *next;
>  
> -	/*
> -	 * Queue is empty if it only contains the dummy node.
> -	 */
> -	if (q->head == &q->dummy && CMM_LOAD_SHARED(q->tail) == &q->dummy.next)
> +	if (_cds_wfq_empty(q))
>  		return NULL;
> -	node = q->head;
>  
> -	next = ___cds_wfq_node_sync_next(node);
> +	node = ___cds_wfq_node_sync_next(&q->dequeue.head);
> +
> +	if ((next = CMM_LOAD_SHARED(node->next)) == NULL) {
> +		/*
> +		 * @node is probably the only node in the queue.
> +		 * Try to move the tail to &q->head.
> +		 * q->head.next is set to NULL here, and stays
> +		 * NULL if the cmpxchg succeeds. Should the
> +		 * cmpxchg fail due to a concurrent enqueue, the
> +		 * q->head.next will be set to the next node.
> +		 * The implicit memory barrier before
> +		 * uatomic_cmpxchg() orders load node->next
> +		 * before loading q->tail.
> +		 * The implicit memory barrier before uatomic_cmpxchg
> +		 * orders load q->head.next before loading node's
> +		 * content.
> +		 */
> +		_cds_wfq_node_init(&q->dequeue.head);
> +		if (uatomic_cmpxchg(&q->enqueue.tail, node,
> +				&q->dequeue.head) == node)
> +			return node;
> +		next = ___cds_wfq_node_sync_next(node);
> +	}
>  
>  	/*
>  	 * Move queue head forward.
>  	 */
> -	q->head = next;
> +	q->dequeue.head.next = next;
> +
> +	/* Load q->head.next before loading node's content */
> +	cmm_smp_read_barrier_depends();
> +	return node;
> +}
> +
> +/*
> + * ___cds_wfq_splice_blocking: enqueue all src_q nodes at the end of dest_q.
> + *
> + * Dequeue all nodes from src_q.
> + * dest_q must be already initialized.
> + * caller ensures mutual exclusion of dequeue and splice operations on
> + * src_q.
> + */
> +static inline void
> +___cds_wfq_splice_blocking(struct cds_wfq_queue *dest_q,
> +		struct cds_wfq_queue *src_q)
> +{
> +	struct cds_wfq_node *head, *tail;
> +
> +	if (_cds_wfq_empty(src_q))
> +		return;
> +
> +	head = ___cds_wfq_node_sync_next(&src_q->dequeue.head);
> +	_cds_wfq_node_init(&src_q->dequeue.head);
> +
>  	/*
> -	 * Requeue dummy node if we just dequeued it.
> +	 * Memory barrier implied before uatomic_xchg() orders store to
> +	 * src_q->head before store to src_q->tail. This is required by
> +	 * concurrent enqueue on src_q, which exchanges the tail before
> +	 * updating the previous tail's next pointer.
>  	 */
> -	if (node == &q->dummy) {
> -		_cds_wfq_node_init(node);
> -		_cds_wfq_enqueue(q, node);
> -		return ___cds_wfq_dequeue_blocking(q);
> -	}
> -	return node;
> +	tail = uatomic_xchg(&src_q->enqueue.tail, &src_q->dequeue.head);
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * Append the spliced content of src_q into dest_q. Does not
> +	 * require mutual exclusion on dest_q (wait-free).
> +	 */
> +	___cds_wfq_append(dest_q, head, tail);
>  }
>  
> +/* Locking performed within cds_wfq calls. */
>  static inline struct cds_wfq_node *
>  _cds_wfq_dequeue_blocking(struct cds_wfq_queue *q)
>  {
> -	struct cds_wfq_node *retnode;
> +	struct cds_wfq_node *retval;
> +	int ret;
> +
> +	ret = pthread_mutex_lock(&q->dequeue.lock);
> +	assert(!ret);
> +	retval = ___cds_wfq_dequeue_blocking(q);
> +	ret = pthread_mutex_unlock(&q->dequeue.lock);
> +	assert(!ret);
> +	return retval;
> +}
> +
> +static inline void
> +_cds_wfq_splice_blocking(struct cds_wfq_queue *dest_q,
> +		struct cds_wfq_queue *src_q)
> +{
>  	int ret;
>  
> -	ret = pthread_mutex_lock(&q->lock);
> +	ret = pthread_mutex_lock(&src_q->dequeue.lock);
>  	assert(!ret);
> -	retnode = ___cds_wfq_dequeue_blocking(q);
> -	ret = pthread_mutex_unlock(&q->lock);
> +	___cds_wfq_splice_blocking(dest_q, src_q);
> +	ret = pthread_mutex_unlock(&src_q->dequeue.lock);
>  	assert(!ret);
> -	return retnode;
>  }
>  
>  #ifdef __cplusplus
> diff --git a/urcu/wfqueue.h b/urcu/wfqueue.h
> index 03a73f1..446c94c 100644
> --- a/urcu/wfqueue.h
> +++ b/urcu/wfqueue.h
> @@ -6,7 +6,8 @@
>   *
>   * Userspace RCU library - Queue with Wait-Free Enqueue/Blocking Dequeue
>   *
> - * Copyright 2010 - Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers at efficios.com>
> + * Copyright 2010-2012 - Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers at efficios.com>
> + * Copyright 2011-2012 - Lai Jiangshan <laijs at cn.fujitsu.com>
>   *
>   * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
>   * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
> @@ -25,7 +26,9 @@
>  
>  #include <pthread.h>
>  #include <assert.h>
> +#include <stdbool.h>
>  #include <urcu/compiler.h>
> +#include <urcu/arch.h>
>  
>  #ifdef __cplusplus
>  extern "C" {
> @@ -33,8 +36,6 @@ extern "C" {
>  
>  /*
>   * Queue with wait-free enqueue/blocking dequeue.
> - * This implementation adds a dummy head node when the queue is empty to ensure
> - * we can always update the queue locklessly.
>   *
>   * Inspired from half-wait-free/half-blocking queue implementation done by
>   * Paul E. McKenney.
> @@ -45,9 +46,13 @@ struct cds_wfq_node {
>  };
>  
>  struct cds_wfq_queue {
> -	struct cds_wfq_node *head, **tail;
> -	struct cds_wfq_node dummy;	/* Dummy node */
> -	pthread_mutex_t lock;
> +	struct {
> +		struct cds_wfq_node head;
> +		pthread_mutex_t lock;
> +	} __attribute__((aligned((CAA_CACHE_LINE_SIZE)))) dequeue;
> +	struct {
> +		struct cds_wfq_node *tail;
> +	} __attribute__((aligned((CAA_CACHE_LINE_SIZE)))) enqueue;
>  };
>  
>  #ifdef _LGPL_SOURCE
> @@ -55,22 +60,104 @@ struct cds_wfq_queue {
>  #include <urcu/static/wfqueue.h>
>  
>  #define cds_wfq_node_init		_cds_wfq_node_init
> -#define cds_wfq_init		_cds_wfq_init
> -#define cds_wfq_enqueue		_cds_wfq_enqueue
> -#define __cds_wfq_dequeue_blocking	___cds_wfq_dequeue_blocking
> +#define cds_wfq_init			_cds_wfq_init
> +#define cds_wfq_empty			_cds_wfq_empty
> +#define cds_wfq_enqueue			_cds_wfq_enqueue
> +
> +/* Locking performed within cds_wfq calls. */
>  #define cds_wfq_dequeue_blocking	_cds_wfq_dequeue_blocking
> +#define cds_wfq_splice_blocking		_cds_wfq_splice_blocking
> +#define cds_wfq_first_blocking		_cds_wfq_first_blocking
> +#define cds_wfq_next_blocking		_cds_wfq_next_blocking
> +
> +/* Locking ensured by caller */
> +#define __cds_wfq_dequeue_blocking	___cds_wfq_dequeue_blocking
> +#define __cds_wfq_splice_blocking	___cds_wfq_splice_blocking
> +#define __cds_wfq_first_blocking	___cds_wfq_first_blocking
> +#define __cds_wfq_next_blocking		___cds_wfq_next_blocking
>  
>  #else /* !_LGPL_SOURCE */
>  
> -extern void cds_wfq_node_init(struct cds_wfq_node *node);
> -extern void cds_wfq_init(struct cds_wfq_queue *q);
> -extern void cds_wfq_enqueue(struct cds_wfq_queue *q, struct cds_wfq_node *node);
> -/* __cds_wfq_dequeue_blocking: caller ensures mutual exclusion between dequeues */
> -extern struct cds_wfq_node *__cds_wfq_dequeue_blocking(struct cds_wfq_queue *q);
> -extern struct cds_wfq_node *cds_wfq_dequeue_blocking(struct cds_wfq_queue *q);
> +extern void cds_wfq_node_init_1(struct cds_wfq_node *node);
> +extern void cds_wfq_init_1(struct cds_wfq_queue *q);
> +extern bool cds_wfq_empty_1(struct cds_wfq_queue *q);
> +extern void cds_wfq_enqueue_1(struct cds_wfq_queue *q, struct cds_wfq_node *node);
> +
> +/* Locking performed within cds_wfq calls. */
> +extern struct cds_wfq_node *cds_wfq_dequeue_blocking_1(struct cds_wfq_queue *q);
> +extern void cds_wfq_splice_blocking_1(struct cds_wfq_queue *dest_q,
> +		struct cds_wfq_queue *src_q);
> +
> +/*
> + * __cds_wfq_dequeue_blocking: caller ensures mutual exclusion of dequeue
> + * and splice operations.
> + */
> +extern struct cds_wfq_node *__cds_wfq_dequeue_blocking_1(struct cds_wfq_queue *q);
> +
> +/*
> + * __cds_wfq_splice_blocking: caller ensures mutual exclusion of dequeue and
> + * splice operations on src_q. dest_q must be already initialized.
> + */
> +extern void __cds_wfq_splice_blocking_1(struct cds_wfq_queue *dest_q,
> +		struct cds_wfq_queue *src_q);
> +
> +/*
> + * __cds_wfq_first_blocking: mutual exclusion with "dequeue" and
> + * "splice" operations must be ensured by the caller.
> + */
> +extern struct cds_wfq_node *__cds_wfq_first_blocking_1(struct cds_wfq_queue *q);
> +
> +/*
> + * __cds_wfq_next_blocking: mutual exclusion with "dequeue" and "splice"
> + * operations must be ensured by the caller.
> + */
> +extern struct cds_wfq_node *__cds_wfq_next_blocking_1(struct cds_wfq_queue *q,
> +		struct cds_wfq_node *node);
> +
> +#define cds_wfq_node_init		cds_wfq_node_init_1
> +#define cds_wfq_init			cds_wfq_init_1
> +#define cds_wfq_empty			cds_wfq_empty_1
> +#define cds_wfq_enqueue			cds_wfq_enqueue_1
> +
> +/* Locking performed within cds_wfq calls. */
> +#define cds_wfq_dequeue_blocking	cds_wfq_dequeue_blocking_1
> +#define cds_wfq_splice_blocking		cds_wfq_splice_blocking_1
> +#define cds_wfq_first_blocking		cds_wfq_first_blocking_1
> +#define cds_wfq_next_blocking		cds_wfq_next_blocking_1
> +
> +/* Locking ensured by caller */
> +#define __cds_wfq_dequeue_blocking	__cds_wfq_dequeue_blocking_1
> +#define __cds_wfq_splice_blocking	__cds_wfq_splice_blocking_1
> +#define __cds_wfq_first_blocking	__cds_wfq_first_blocking_1
> +#define __cds_wfq_next_blocking		__cds_wfq_next_blocking_1
>  
>  #endif /* !_LGPL_SOURCE */
>  
> +/*
> + * __cds_wfq_for_each_blocking: Iterate over all nodes in a queue,
> + * without dequeuing them.
> + *
> + * Mutual exclusion with "dequeue" and "splice" operations must be
> + * ensured by the caller.
> + */
> +#define __cds_wfq_for_each_blocking(q, node)		\
> +	for (node = __cds_wfq_first_blocking(q);	\
> +		node != NULL;				\
> +		node = __cds_wfq_next_blocking(q, node))
> +
> +/*
> + * __cds_wfq_for_each_blocking_safe: Iterate over all nodes in a queue,
> + * without dequeuing them. Safe against deletion.
> + *
> + * Mutual exclusion with "dequeue" and "splice" operations must be
> + * ensured by the caller.
> + */
> +#define __cds_wfq_for_each_blocking_safe(q, node, n)			       \
> +	for (node = __cds_wfq_first_blocking(q),			       \
> +			n = (node ? __cds_wfq_next_blocking(q, node) : NULL);  \
> +		node != NULL;						       \
> +		node = n, n = (node ? __cds_wfq_next_blocking(q, node) : NULL))
> +
>  #ifdef __cplusplus
>  }
>  #endif
> diff --git a/wfqueue.c b/wfqueue.c
> index 3337171..b5fba7b 100644
> --- a/wfqueue.c
> +++ b/wfqueue.c
> @@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
>   *
>   * Userspace RCU library - Queue with Wait-Free Enqueue/Blocking Dequeue
>   *
> - * Copyright 2010 - Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers at efficios.com>
> + * Copyright 2010-2012 - Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers at efficios.com>
> + * Copyright 2011-2012 - Lai Jiangshan <laijs at cn.fujitsu.com>
>   *
>   * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
>   * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
> @@ -28,27 +29,55 @@
>   * library wrappers to be used by non-LGPL compatible source code.
>   */
>  
> -void cds_wfq_node_init(struct cds_wfq_node *node)
> +void cds_wfq_node_init_1(struct cds_wfq_node *node)
>  {
>  	_cds_wfq_node_init(node);
>  }
>  
> -void cds_wfq_init(struct cds_wfq_queue *q)
> +void cds_wfq_init_1(struct cds_wfq_queue *q)
>  {
>  	_cds_wfq_init(q);
>  }
>  
> -void cds_wfq_enqueue(struct cds_wfq_queue *q, struct cds_wfq_node *node)
> +bool cds_wfq_empty_1(struct cds_wfq_queue *q)
> +{
> +	return _cds_wfq_empty(q);
> +}
> +
> +void cds_wfq_enqueue_1(struct cds_wfq_queue *q, struct cds_wfq_node *node)
>  {
>  	_cds_wfq_enqueue(q, node);
>  }
>  
> -struct cds_wfq_node *__cds_wfq_dequeue_blocking(struct cds_wfq_queue *q)
> +struct cds_wfq_node *cds_wfq_dequeue_blocking_1(struct cds_wfq_queue *q)
> +{
> +	return _cds_wfq_dequeue_blocking(q);
> +}
> +
> +void cds_wfq_splice_blocking_1(struct cds_wfq_queue *dest_q,
> +		struct cds_wfq_queue *src_q)
> +{
> +	_cds_wfq_splice_blocking(dest_q, src_q);
> +}
> +
> +struct cds_wfq_node *__cds_wfq_dequeue_blocking_1(struct cds_wfq_queue *q)
>  {
>  	return ___cds_wfq_dequeue_blocking(q);
>  }
>  
> -struct cds_wfq_node *cds_wfq_dequeue_blocking(struct cds_wfq_queue *q)
> +void __cds_wfq_splice_blocking_1(struct cds_wfq_queue *dest_q,
> +		struct cds_wfq_queue *src_q)
>  {
> -	return _cds_wfq_dequeue_blocking(q);
> +	___cds_wfq_splice_blocking(dest_q, src_q);
> +}
> +
> +struct cds_wfq_node *__cds_wfq_first_blocking_1(struct cds_wfq_queue *q)
> +{
> +	return ___cds_wfq_first_blocking(q);
> +}
> +
> +struct cds_wfq_node *__cds_wfq_next_blocking_1(struct cds_wfq_queue *q,
> +		struct cds_wfq_node *node)
> +{
> +	return ___cds_wfq_next_blocking(q, node);
>  }
> 
> -- 
> Mathieu Desnoyers
> Operating System Efficiency R&D Consultant
> EfficiOS Inc.
> http://www.efficios.com
> 
> _______________________________________________
> lttng-dev mailing list
> lttng-dev at lists.lttng.org
> http://lists.lttng.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/lttng-dev

-- 
Mathieu Desnoyers
Operating System Efficiency R&D Consultant
EfficiOS Inc.
http://www.efficios.com



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